Attractions > Swellendam

History of Swellendam

Before the town was established, the area surrounding Swellendam was famous for its abundant wildlife - lions, rhinos, hippos, elephants, antelope, etc.. This and the fertile landscape attracted (amongst others) the Hessekwa tribe. The graves of their last leaders Klaas and Markus Sababa can still be found in the Bontebokskloof.

Founded in 1745 by the Dutch East India Company, Swellendam is the third oldest town in South Africa. Its original purpose was to ensure law and order as independent pioneers migrated over the Hottentots Holland Mountains in the early 18^th century. 

The Drostdy museum www.drostdymuseum.com  tells the story of the development of the town, which was named after Hendrik Swellengrebel, the Governor of the Cape at the time, and his wife, Helena Ten Damme

In 1795 Swellendam was, for approximately 3 months, one of the capitals of the world.

The inhabitants of Swellendam were at that time angered by the high taxes and the maladministration of the Cape Dutch East India Company and without much ado they declared themselves an independent republic. Shortly afterwards however, the British occupied the Cape and the new republic, consisting of a mere 20 houses along the river valley, disbanded again.

From a small village at the beginning of the 19^th century, Swellendam flourished, as a direct result of the introduction and success of farming wool bearing sheep.  As the farming industry grew, the traders, shopkeepers, artisans and wainwrights were able to establish firm footing, and prosper.  In 1830, Sir Lowry’s Pass opened, making the town more accessible and furthering opportunities. 

In the early part of the century, Dr William Robertson, minister of the Dutch Reformed  Church, was very influential in the town, involving himself not solely with the religious aspect, but also the social, educational and cultural development of the community.  As there was no Anglican Church, both Dutch and English worshipped together, resulting in a relaxed social relationship between the two groups.

Swellendam Today

Today, Swellendam is a small, tranquil town, still very much supported by its agricultural heritage.  Almost 95% of the blackberries in South Africa are harvested in the surrounding fruit farms, and some of the most delicious wines are created in the Breede Valley. As well as the traditional pastoral activities of cattle and sheep farming, there are cornfields and citrus farming.

Climate

Rainfall is spread over the year (55% winter and 45% summer). There is little wind and temperatures are moderate. There is no shortage of water and gardens are lush and luxuriant.

Environment

The town is clean and efficiently run. The people are friendly and there is no political strife with a virtual absence of serious crime. It is an attractive town, with well kept historic buildings.